ABSTRACT In the last two decades, underwater acoustic communications has experienced significant progress. The traditional approach for ocean-bottom or ocean-column monitoring is to deploy oceanographic sensors, record the data, and recover the instruments. But this approach failed in real-time monitoring. The ideal solution for real-time monitoring of selected ocean areas for long periods of time [...]
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10 GB ETHERNET
ABSTRACT Since its inception at Xerox Corporation in the early 1970s, Ethernet has been the dominant networking protocol. Of all current networking protocols, Ethernet has, by far, the highest number of installed ports and provides the greatest cost performance relative to Token Ring, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), and ATM for desktop connectivity. Fast Ethernet, [...]
Tempest and Echelon
ABSTRACT TEMPEST and ECHELON are the method of spying in a sophisticated manner; both are developed by National Security Agency (NSA) for monitoring the people. These technologies are originally developed for pure military espionage, but hackers use them now for spying in to other people’s activities. Tempest is the technology, which can reproduce what you [...]
Windows DNA
ABSTRACT Microsoft Windows Distributed interNet Applications Architecture (Windows DNA) is the application development model for the Windows platform. Windows DNA specifies how to: develop robust, scalable, distributed applications using the Windows platform; extend existing data and external applications to support the Internet; and support a wide range of client devices maximizing the reach of an [...]
Swarm intelligence
ABSTRACT Swarm intelligence is a new computational intelligence paradigm combining concepts and principles derived from several fields, such as biology (social insects), mathematics and social sciences. The basic idea underlying swarm intelligence is that individuals following very simple rules interact to produce an intelligent behaviour – often a solution to a complex problem – at [...]
IMPROVING THE GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID’S PERFORMANCE THROUGH SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS LAYER ENHANCEMENTS
ABSTRACT With the Information age in full and rapid development, users are becoming accustomed to having immediate access to information. Users demand more capabilities from every kind of electronic devices, more processing power, more features and better connectivity. Users are also realizing the benefits of collaborating with others in their communities to help expand the [...]
TRACKING AND POSITIONING OF MOBILE PHONES
ABSTRACT Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research, for emergency as well as for commercial services. Mobile positioning in cellular networks will provide several services such as, locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is originated, and methods to predict the user movement inside a region. [...]
Intelligent Network
ABSTRACT The Intelligent Network, typically stated as its acronym IN, is a network architecture intended both for fixed as well as mobile telecom networks. It allows operators to differentiate themselves by providing value-added services in addition to the standard telecom services such as PSTN, ISDN and GSM services on mobile phones. In IN, the intelligence [...]
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
ABSTRACT Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a protocol developed by IETF MMUSIC Working Group and proposed standard for initiating, modifying, and terminating an interactive user session that involves multimedia elements such as video, voice, instant messaging, online games, and virtual reality. SIP clients traditionally use TCP and UDP port 5060 to connect to SIP servers [...]
